Lapping machine



Nov. 6, 192.3.i Y

F. O HOAG LAND LAPPING MACHINE Filed Sepfn. 15, 1919 SheetsQS eet l Nav. si, 1923.

F. O HOAGLAND LAPPING MACHINE med sept. 15, 1919 z sheets-smet 2 u 'nul' Y INVENTOR @ZM @Mega/a BY Kll Pnenteel lion.

sessies pploston September To aZZ 'whom may conca/fn.'

Be it known that l, FRANK 0. HOAGLAND, a citizen of the United States, residing Bridgeport, in the County of .Fnireld and State of Connecticut, lieve invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lepping Machines, of which the following is e speciieetion.

Thisinvention relates to machines for eef ourately leppin` the inside surfaces of cyl indrioel holes. ne of the objects of lle invention is to provide u rotating eylindrioel lap and automatic. Ineens orel'i'eoting reletive'reciproeations between the lap end the work. Another object of the invention is 2o provide automatic ineens 'for applying abrasive to the lap et suitable intervals. Further objects of the invention will be :ippnrent from the following speoiicstion and claims.

respectively or the carrier for the oem fol lowers.

Figs. 8 and 9 are front and side views respectively otlie Worm wheel and seins assembled in the relative positions they oo cupy in the machine.

Figs. l0, il and l2 are front side and plan views respectively 'ofthe member forniig two cani. followers.

Fig. 13 is s iveer view of tlie gear and cani segments e for operating tlie abrasive applying meelienisni.

Referrin totlie drawings, l represents the bed or the 'machine and 2 and 3 respectively represent the tool-carrying headstock and the' Work-carrying tailstock mounted on the bed.l

lotatnbly mounted in the lieadstoek is a. spindle which carries tight and loose belt pulleys 5 and` 6. A belt shifter 7 is provided for shifting a. drive belt to either of the pulleys 5 and 6. The spindle l is adapted to reoeive and drive ay cylindrical or conical lap 8, which is preferably split es shown nd which corresponds in diameter or shape to the hole to be lapped. Prefer;

ably, es shown, the end or the spindle isv provided with left-hond threads lit e whiclr serve to prevent abrasive from entering the spindle beni-in s.

Carried by t e teilstoolr is e suitable Work holder 9 which is preferably of the magnetic type. The details of the work holder constitute no part of the invention and are not illustrated. Fig. l shows e. piece of work A held by the work solder El. ln order that lapping moy be efeoted, it is necessary to eioot relative seoiprooation between the lao and the Work. For this purpose l provi e. a. spindle or plunger l() which is longitudinally reoiproonble in the tailstoek and which eerries the Work holder 9. The plunge-r is recessed et 10a to clear the end of the lap 8. Holes 10b-10b communicate with the recess l0a imiter described. it will be understood that ordinarily the spindles i and l0 ere coaxial es shown in the drawing t@ Ventron is not limited .1n tlus respect. VThe mechanism for re@proce-ting the plungerv Will now be A compression coil spring li is provided which normally tends to liold the plunger in its left-hand position. This spring is mounted in e central igecess in the plunger and at its leiflizind end' ebuts against e collar on e threaded rodlir. The other end of the spring abats eiiinssn @olla-r 13 iioen e purpose here slthough the inv which is engaged by soressdfiprojecting through slots l5 in of the plnger. The rod i2 is threaded into a. bushing i6 snred to the plunger and the rod can be turned by means oi" e knob i?. lt wi'll be seen that by turning the rodtlie tension of the spring oen be varied es desired.

For drawing the plunger and the work liolder'bsclrwardsgainst the spring action there is provided e cam, or preferably two cams, carried by a transverse rotatable shaft 18 mounted in the tailstock. Preferably the shaft i8 is rotated by Ineens of aeentrally disposed worm Wheel i9 and two-cams 20 and 21 are direetlv connected with the Worin wheel st opposite sides thereof. Rigidly se# l cured to the plunger l0 is a carrier member 22 upon which is mounted. one, or preferably two,eani followers. As illustrateitlie carrier member 2:2 is provided with a. transverse T-slot 23 in which is iitted theross bar 24 of .n combined follower element shown 1n detail in Fig. l0, li and l2.

envases ialong the shaft `43.

lace. before described, so that the tion, the abrasive being applied In operation alap 8 is selected which is of' a diameter corresponding to the holes in the work to be lapped, a cylindrical lap being selected for cylindrical holes. The work A is put in place and is held by the work holder 9, the worlr holder and plunger being ordinarily held in withdrawn positions by the latch 27 while the work is being put in The tailstock is bodily adjusted, as

lap projects into and through the work and then the reciprocations of the plunger and work holder are started by releasing the latch 27 and allowing one of the cam followers 25 or 26 -to engage the corresponding cam 20 or 21.

Assuming that the cam 20 is engaged, the plunger with the worlr holder and work, is re ularly reciprocated to eilect lapping; If al? four of the cam segments 5l are in place, as before described, the s oon 44 will be raised at each reciprocation to -apply a lcharge o abrasive to the lap. lf it is desired to a ply abrasive less frequently, this can be eected by removing some of the cams 5l as before described. Excess abrasive can be discharged through the lower hole l()b back to the pan 42. The operations, as before described, are continued until the hole is lapped to the desired size, whereupon the work A is removed and a new piece put in place. The cam`21 can be used either for cylindrical holes or conical holes. When used for cylindrical holes it provides three short rec1procations followedby a lon(y reciprocato the lap at the time of the long reciprocation.

When conical or tapered holes are to be lapped, a tapered lap is selected having the desired degree of taper and the tailstoclr is s0 adjusted that the work barely touches the lap at each oi the shorter reciprocations.v At each of the long reciprocations, the work is considerably withdrawn from the lap and abrasivefis applied. 'lie short reciprocations, whereby the work is repeatedly brought into momentary Contact` with the lap, are of the greatest importance in the lapping of tapered holes. ln the case of cylindrical holes there isa uniform longitudinal reciprocation which prevents any scratching or scoring of the work bi large particles of abrasive on the lap. dlearly, in the case of tapered holes, uniform longitudinal reeiprocation is impossible and I avoid scratching or scoring by simply engaging the work with the lap momentarily and then withdrawing it so quickly that scratching or scoring cannot occur.

It will be understood thea-t to properly' perform the lapping operation, there ymust necessarily be relative reciprocatory and ping the rotation of rotary movements between the lap'and work. is illustrated in the drawing, l rotatably' mount the lapping spindle 4 in the head-A stock 2 in a manner to support the spindle rigidly against any movement except its rotation. The worlr spindle l0 is mountedfor reciprocation within the tailstoclr 3 in a manner to support such spindle rigidly against any movement except its reciproca tion. By thus making one spindle the rotary element and the other spindle `the reciprocating element, both 'spindles may be more rigidly mounted in their supports than rcould be the case were one such spindle required to both rotate. and reciprocate. Fur thermore, by making the lapping spindle to rotate and the work spindleA to recipro cate, work pieces may be removed from and inserted in the worlr spindle without stopthe lapping spindle. Were the work spindle the rotary element, a stopping of the rotation thereof each time the work is to 'be changed would be necessary. To change the worh in my machine, it is only necessary to stop the work spindle at the end of oneoi its backward reciprocations, the lapping spindle and other mechanisin continuing to rotate. The particular driving arrangement from the rotating spindle 4 to the work spindle l0 is of advantage in. securing the worlr changing functions just delined. Furthermore, as

has been heretofore stated, the reciprocation of the work spindle from the rotation of the lapping spindle establishes a definite timed :relation between the rotation and reciprocation of the lapping and work spindles respectively. Such a relative movement between the tool and the surface of the worlr being lapped nishes the work to a ner and smoother surface than may otherwise be obtained. f a

Furthermore, as has been specifically deiined, the machiney has provided in combination therewith with an automatically operating abrasive supplying mechanism. ris illustrated in the drawing, this mechanism is constructed in the form adapted to intermittently substance from apan 42 saine to the lap 8. This spoon is operated directly from the spindle operating mechanisln whereby the saine functions regularly in timed relation to the operation of the spindles. mechanism in combination with the spin dles. as illustrated andyd'eined, automatically applies abrasive to the lap at regular intervals without requiringany attention from the operator.

My invention. taken as a whole, provides a new and useful hippingl machine combidip an abrasive and apply the' of a spoon 44 nation having various improvements and ai. wir

all function in timediclation to etlect the lapping of work pieces in a. most efficient manner. Furthermore, the several operatclements are all operably connected to and driven. from the tool spindle Il by the compact; and novel mechanism illustrated and defined and hereinafter particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto.

"what l claim is:

l. ln a lapping machine, the combination of a Werl-z spindle, a cooperating tool spindle adapted to support a lapping tool thereon, means for rotating one of the spindles, and means Yfor automatically reciprocating one of the spindles axially toward and from the other spindle once o'r a plurality of times during a predetermined rotation oi the rotating spindle.

ln a lapping machine, the combination of a work spindle, a. cooperating tool spindle adapted tc support a lapping tool thereon, means for rotating one of the spindles, and means for giving one of the spindles either a long reciprocation or a plurality ot short reciprocations axially toward and from the other spindle during a predetermined rotation ot the rotating spindle.

il. in a lapping machine, the combination of a work spindle. a cooperating tool spindle adaptedto supporta lapping tool thereon, m for rotating one of the spindles, and means for giving one of the spindles either one long reciprocation or a plurality utf-short reciprocations and one long reciprocation axially toward and from the other spindle during a predetermined 'rotation of the rotating spindle. L

il. ln a lapping,r machine, the combination of a work spindle, a cooperating tool spindle adapted to support a lapping tool thereon, and separate selective operating means for giving one of the spindles one form of various different axial reciprocating movements.

5. in a lapping machine, the combination of a Work spindle, a cooperating tool spin- .dle adapted to support the lapping tool thereon, and operating means comprising a plurality of cams adapted selectively to be used for giving one of the spindles one form of various diilerent axial reciprocating movements. i

6. ln a lapping machine, the combination et a work spindle, a 'cooperating tool spindle adapted to support a lapping tool thereon, an operating shaft extending transversely of one spindle, a plurality ot ca ins thereon, and means operatively connected to the said one spindle and adapted to be selectively oper- 'ated by the cams for giving the said spindle one form of various diderent axial reciproeating movementscorresponding to the respective cams.

'4'. ln a lapping machine, the combination vof a Work spindle, a cooperatingtpol spindie adapted to support a lapping tool thereon, means for rotating the tool spindle, a shaft extending longitudinally of the spindles, means connecting the tool spindle and shalt to rota-te the latter, a driver se-V axially, and means whereby either cam may be used to effect the said reciprocation.

8. ln a lapping machine, the combination of' a Work spindle, a coo rating tool spindle adapted to support a appino tool there on, means for rotating the too spindle, a shaft extending longitudinally of the spinrlles, wearing connecting the tool spindle an"l shaft to rotate the latter, a Worm lsecured to the shaft, a worm Wheel meshing therewith, tivo cams operatively connected 'to the worm wheel, two cam followers secured to the Work spindle, and means whereby either follower may be adjusted to engage its correspondin' cani to effect axial reciprocation of the .vorl; spindle.

9. ln a lapping machine, the combination Vell a licadstock and a tailstock, a tgol spindle rotatably mounted in the lieadstock, means for rotatingr the tool spindle, a 'work spindle slidahly mounted in the tailstock, means for adjusting the tailstock toward and from the headstock, a shaft extending longitudinally ot the spindles, gearing connecting the tool spindle'and shaft to rotate the latter, a Worm splined to the shaft and longitudinally slidj able therealong, a Worin Wheel meshing therewith, two cams operated by the Worm wheel for reciprocating the work spindle, and means whereby either cam may be used to effect the said reciprocation. i

l0. ln a lapping machine, the combination of a work spindle, a cooperating tool spindle adapted to support a lapping tool thereon, means for reciprocating one of the spindles axially toward and from the other spindle, and means operated synchronously with the said reciprocating means for intermittently and automatically applying an abrasive substance to the lap.

ll.. In a lapping machine, the combination of a work spindle, la cooperating tool spindle adapted to support a lapping tool thereon,

means for reciprocating one of the spindles axially toward and from the other spindle, a

spoon for applying an abrasive substance to y the lap, and means operated synchronously..

with the said 'i'eciprocations' for operating the spoon to automatically carry a supply of abrasive substance to the lap. y

12. In a lapping machine. the `combination of a Work spindle,l a cooperating tool `spindle adapted to support a lapping tool thereon, means for reciprocating one-of the spindles axially toward and from the other spindle,

i' an abrasive-containing trough below the worlpspindle, a spoon adapted to alternately engage inthe troughand againstv thgf lap,

initentlj* operating the sp'oon.

' roel spincile adapted snpfpcrL e -lf lne' lapping machine, the combinai'onof a Work spindle, e coopere'ing tool spindle adapted to support n lapping tool thereon, Ineens for reciprocating one of the', spindlesv axially toward anni from 'tl/ie other spindleV an ebresive-ecneeining trough below the Work spindle, a spoon adapted to oecillete eboute pivot so elternaely engage in the trough and against the lap, end means?,

opera-ted in timed relation with she spindle,- reciproceting ineens for inierinitently oscillat-ing the spoon.

14. in' a lepping rnecliine, lie combinetion of e, work-spindle, e eooperaing cool spindle adapted so supper-i7 e lapping tool thereon, ineens for reciprocating one or the spindles axially toward and from ne other spindle, e spoon for epplyingjexn abrasive substance to lie lop, and mechanism for A automatically opereting'the spoon in iiineii relation so the spindle reeiprooetionend including mea-ns for clienging the interval be tween successive movements of ilie spoon whereby to very lie amount or abrasive snipstenoe applied so elle lap.

i5. ln e lapping* nieeliine, the comisinetion oi? e Work holder, e cooperating snol spindle adepterl to support e lapping tool. thereon, ineens -for rotating l lie spindle, ineensv providing en exiel relative reoinron oation between the spindle and holder, certain periodic reciprocetions 'beingl longer than the others, and ineens for applying abrasive substance eo rhelap et seid longer reciprocetions.

16. ln e lapping machine, ille combination of e worlr holder, cooperating 'tool spindle adapted to support e lapping tool thereon ineens 'for rotating tlie spindle, ineens providing; en axial relative reciprocation between the spindle and holder 'io engage o. lap Wii'liin finti to withdrew the seine from alle Work, and nien-ns operated in timed relation with the reciprocation :lor applying fibre-sive ,snlistance to Elie le? .1s/lille in its Withdrrlwn position.

l?, l'n lapping machine, elle oombination oi'V e Work holder, e, cooperating 'zool spindle adapted to snpporib e lapping' tool thereon, ineens `lor rotating the spinello, means proiiciing enerial relative reciprocation between the spindle enel holder engage e iep within and to withdrew the seme from ille Worlr, eno ineens comprising e spoon opereecl in iinefi releion with the reciproeetion lo engage the spoon egainsi the lap for applying abrasive saliste-neste the lap while in iis Wi'liclrewn ilvosibionn 18. In e lapping ineoliine, elio coinn oinetion or e Worlr holder, e coopera' l1, ,ool thereon, ineens' roti-ting e spoon resilien'ly mounted on the rod, e' roolrer 'erin secureto the roel, end e cern Wheel engaging the roclrer' arm end operated in eirnecl relation to the reciprocating means for operating the spoon so apply en'ebre'sive substance io elle lap.

20. ln e lapping machine, the com binetion of e worlr spindle, e cooperating tool epinle adepte@ so support e lapping tool tnereon, .ineens for reciprocating one of 'ene spindles smelly toward and from tlie other spindle, ineens operetecl synchronously Wish line seicl jreoinroeeeing ineens for intern inizeently snol enoroefsicelly enplying en' abrasive substance 'lio the lap, engl ineens for varying the .zeslneney o operetion of tliefv abrasive applying :menne releswe eo the seni'- reoiprooetion,

2l. ln e, legging nieeliine, ehe oozinlainaeion oi e were" spindle, e cooperating tool spinal-le eclepiecl to support e. lopning noo'i eliereon, ineens for rotesing one o @lie spindles, ineens for reciprocating one of the spindles exisiiy owerd and from the other spinle, an eloresive-eonteining trough below the Werl: spinello, e spoon adapted to elterneely engage in the trough and egeinsi the iep, ineens operaie@ from the sindle re ciprooeeing ineens for intermittent y operaiing eine spoon, emi ineens Arior varyin ehe frequency of operation of alie spoon re silvo to Elie eaicl resign-ocation. l

e lapping machine, the oom- "binesion nl e Werl: spindle, e cooperating loo spiniile soapserie to support o lapping; tool thereon, ineens for retelling one of ille spindles, ineen-s for reciprocating one elle spinrlles esielly toward enel from the einer spindle, enresive-conteining Aizrongl'i loelow the work spindle, a spoon adapted to elternei'cely engage in lie trough and egeins: iles iep, cern Ineens opera-ted from the spinelle freeiproceting ineens for intermittently operating' 'die spoon, end means for varying the frequency of operation of the earn ineens on the spoon reletive to the Seial reciproceiion.

' 23. ln e lapping inecliine, the coin ninesion oi e, benl, e horizontal spindle adapted io support e lapping tool thereon, ineens r ioieeing the spindle, e Worr lioicier, L, iiei'eroseiably mounted in tlie lee,

- @www means commenting the Spinie shaft foi' rotating the iatferj a Sliver Ssciisd to the shaft, a driven eiemsn'- conn-scifi'l therewith and operativeiy connected Wi y the 'Work holder to ecipfocate iie same :iXi-ally, a. horizontal ro'ci, a Spann. foi: appiyiiig abrasive subsaiice to *bha iesilientiy mounted on the mails a rocker arm sacuiefi te the rod, and cam means cperabiy @Dama-ted to the said driven eiemeri; and engaging the rocker arm for operating the Spoon.

24. n a lapping machine, the combination of a befi, a hoiizontai spindles adaptedto suppol; whipping 1199i thereon, means for rotating the spiriq, wol

hoiei", a sia mtatabiy mountl in iii@ ioB-:i gems conneing the spindie and sha mining the iater, a, Worm secured io ifa@ shafts a, Warm whaei meshing therewith, csi-m connect/ed to the worm Wheai. adapt/eci to reciproca@ the Wark hoiei' gziilly a, horizna md, @spo/'im for" ajipyingf; abmsive substance to the lap siiienij/ mounii em the'ci a. i'ocker @im Secu. t@ throd, and a @am operaby conneced to the Worm Wheel sind engaging the rocker ami Whei'eby to @param the spoon.

En testimony Wheieo 'heretQ ax my ignatura FRANK G. HGAGEANH.' 

